Last modified on
Mar 11, 2010
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100% Rayon, Viscose, Tencel, Cupro and Blends
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To make rayon, sheets of purified cellulose are steeped in caustic soda, dried, shredded into crumbs, and then aged in metal containers for 2 to 3 days. The temperature and humidity in the metal containers are carefully controlled.
After ageing, the crumbs are combined and churned with liquid carbon disulfide, which turns the mix into orange-colored crumbs known as sodium cellulose xanthate. The cellulose xanthate is bathed in caustic soda, resulting in a viscose solution that looks and feels much like honey.
Source: MadeHow.com
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• Rayon is called an artificial silk, and is produced from naturally occurring polymers, and therefore it is not a synthetic fiber, but a manufactured regenerated cellulosic fiber. Rayon is a very versatile fiber and has the same comfort properties as other natural fibers and can imitate the feel and texture of silk, wool, cotton and linen. Rayon fabrics are soft, smooth, cool, comfortable, and highly absorbent, but they do not insulate body heat making them ideal for use in hot and humid climates.
• Viscose: Georges Audemars developed the first rayon fibre about 1855, but his method was impractical for commercial use. Hilaire de Charbonnet, Comte de Chardonnay, patented "Chardonnay silk" in 1884, but it was so flammable it had no safe use. Finally, in 1894, Charles Frederick Cross, Edward John Bevan, and Clayton Beadle patented the first safe and practical artificial silk, which they named "viscose". Avtex Fibers Incorporated began selling their formulation in 1910 in the United States.
• What is Tencel? Lyocell is a fibre made from wood pulp cellulose as well as Viscose and Rayon. It was first manufactured in 1988 by Courtaulds Fibres UK at their pilot plant S25. The only current manufacturer in the United States is Lenzing Inc, who market it under the trademarked brand name Tencel. - Lenzing Fibers Inc.
• What is Cupro? It is a regenerated cellulose fiber, soft, strong and silky, produced by treating cotton cellulose with cuprammonium salts, and it is also called Cuprammonium Rayon. Cupro was first made in 1890s in Japan and Italy.
Trade names are used within the rayon industry to determine the type of rayon used:
• BEMBERG, for example, is a trade name for cupramonium rayon that is only produced in Italy.
• MODAL is a widely used form of rayon produced by Lenzing Fibers Corp. which is based in northern Austria.
Galaxy, Danufil, and Viloft are rayon brands produced by Kelheim Fibres, a German manufacturer.
• GRASIM (India) is the largest producer of rayon in the world (claiming 24% market share). - source: Wikipedia.org.
• More information about rayon fiber and its production: Mindfully.org and MadeHow.com
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100% Rayon and Blends  |
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IRISE by S.R. Kertzer
FIBRE: 85% Rayon, 15% Lurex
YARN WEIGHT: Worsted
TENSION: 10x10cm (4"): 23 sts/ 32 rows
NEEDLES: 4 mm (US No. 6)
LENGTH: approx. 104 m / 115 yds
BALL WEIGHT: 50g
* machine wash | made in U.K.
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CHIARA by Lana Grossa
FIBRE: 70% Rayon, 20% Superkid Mohair, 10% Polyester
YARN WEIGHT: Worsted
TENSION: 10x10cm (4"): 25 sts / 30 rows
NEEDLES: recommended 4 - 4.5 mm (US No.6-7)
LENGTH: approx. 190 m / 212 yards
BALL WEIGHT: 50g
* machine wash | made in Italy
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Tencel  |
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ASTRAL by The Alpaca Yarn Co.
FIBRE: 50% Tencel, 30% Alpaca, 20% Merino extrafine
YARN WEIGHT: Aran
TENSION: 1" = 5 sts on 4.5 mm
NEEDLES: 4.5 mm (US No.7)
LENGTH: approx. 180 m / 197 yards
HANK WEIGHT: 100g
* hand wash | made in Peru
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PIMA TENCEL by Cascade
FIBRE: 50% Tencel, 50% Pima Cotton
YARN WEIGHT: Worsted
TENSION: 1" = 5 sts
NEEDLES: 4 - 4.5 mm (US No. 7-8)
LENGTH: 99 m / 109 yards
BALL WEIGHT: 50 g
* hand wash | made in Peru
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